Apoptotic Induction in Glioblastoma Cells by Staphylococcus aureus Cytoplasmic Extract: An Approach to Targeting Bax and Bcl-2 Pathways

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and prevalent primary brain tumors, with a limited treatment options. The median survival rate remains low, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) extract, have shown potential in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, offering a promising avenue for glioblastoma treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of S. aureus cytoplasmic extract on the U87 glioblastoma cell line, focusing on its ability to induce apoptosis and modulate key apoptotic genes, Bax and Bcl-2.
Materials & Methods: The U87 cell was cultured under standard conditions, and S. aureus cytoplasmic extract was prepared using sonication. The extract's protein concentration was determined using the Lowry assay. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, and the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) following treatment with the extract at concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 µg/mL.
Results: The cytoplasmic extract significantly reduced U87 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with the highest cytotoxicity (30 µg/mL (p < 0.05). The extract increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression, indicating apoptosis induction. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in gene expression between treated and control groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that S. aureus cytoplasmic extract effectively inhibits U87 glioblastoma cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through the modulation of apoptotic genes. These results suggest that bacterial extracts could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma, warranting further research into their mechanisms and clinical applications.