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Showing 56 results for Mohammad Hassan
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether Metacognitive Intervention (MI) in their first language (L1) had any significant effect on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ Working Memory (WM) in listening comprehension when they received it. In addition, it measured whether gender had any effect on EFL learners’ listening comprehension when they receive MI through L1. To this end, 60 Iranian EFL learners were selected through a Quick Placement Test and were assigned into two male and female experimental groups. These experimental groups received an eight-week intervention program, designed by the pedagogical cycle proposed by Goh and Vandergrift (2022). After the metacognitive intervention in L1, two posttests including a working memory capacity test and a listening comprehension test were administered. The findings indicated that there was a significant effect on EFL learners’ working memory in listening comprehension after they received MI in L1. It was also found that gender had a significant effect on the EFL learners’ working memory and listening comprehension when they receive MI in L1. The findings might contribute to assisting language instructors to adopt strategy-based approaches to teaching listening. Furthermore, curriculum designers and ELT policymakers might consider metacognitive intervention as an effective teaching approach and add it to EFL learners’ curriculum.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted for Publication 2024)
Abstract
Aim and Introduction
Measurement and examination of unobservable variables directly such as inflation expectations or potential output, is really challenging. Inflation expectations have been considered a key variable in many macroeconomic models, particularly in the realm of monetary economics. Macroeconomic models assume that economic agents make consumption, savings, and labor market decisions based on their perception of future inflation levels, and these decisions play a great role in realizing economic variables, including inflation. The role of inflation expectations differs from other inflation-generating factors. While factors such as money supply, budget deficit, exchange rate, and to some extent, economic sanctions can be considered as policy tools. Inflation expectations normally result from the interaction of other factors and may potentially predict future inflation. For example, an increase in the budget deficit, if not addressed independently by the Central Bank, can lead to an increase in money supply, inflation, and intensification of inflation expectations. Thus, inflation expectations can be considered as a variable that evolves within society and changes due to other inflation-generating factors. However, once formed, these expectations themselves become significant factors in inflation and other economic variables. Unlike many countries, in Iran, despite the importance of inflation due to decades of double-digit inflation, no action has been taken to produce and provide survey data related to this variable. However, according to existing literature, comparing the results of alternative methods incorporating inflation expectations with survey data can provide valuable insights. In practice, incorporating inflation expectations can improve the performance of inflation prediction models.
Methodology
Empirical research indicates that methods that consider inflation expectations along with its fluctuations and dynamics outperform models that do not consider these dynamics. Therefore, paying proper attention to how inflation expectations form and fluctuate, as well as avoiding simple methods, is necessary in calculating inflation expectations. In this research, an attempt was made to calculate and present data related to this variable in the framework of rational expectations for the period of 1996 to 2021 using the random forest regression method, considering the strengths and weaknesses of each method of mapping inflation expectations. Subsequently, after learning the random forest-based model, by conducting an in-sample prediction, the data were extracted and the features related to rational expectations regarding these data were examined.
Findings
The coefficient of determination value for the test data was found to be 80%, indicating that, on average, 80% of inflation variations are correctly predicted by economic factors using the model inputs or features. Based on this and by examining the features related to estimation residuals, it was determined that economic factors in predicting inflation do not exhibit systematic errors and, with a sufficiently large time interval and having an adequate information set, can have a proper understanding of inflation behavior. Moreover, the results of comparing inflation expectations based on random forest regression-based predictions show superiority of this approach compared to competing methods such as the Hodrick-Prescott filter. After that, the importance of each of the factors in the basket of information related to inflation expectations was ranked. It should be noted that the selection of features for predicting inflation expectations was not based on the direct attention of households and economic factors to these features. Rather, economic factors and households may find the effect of these features in other evidence. For example, the effect of an increase in the exchange rate on the prices of goods that are somehow related to this variable may be apparent to households, and fundamentally, the prevalent interpretation of rational expectations in the literature of this field is based on this approach. The results of this ranking indicate that among the entire information set, factors such as inflation breaks, exchange rates, and economic sanctions had the highest importance in shaping inflation expectations.
Discussion and Conclusion
It is worth mentioning that inflation breaks have been identified as the most important factor among the entire information set as a manifestation of the adaptive section of inflation expectations. However, this does not mean that expectations are entirely adaptive. Based on the research findings, it is clear that if economic factors rely solely on the adaptive section to predict inflation, zero estimation error, unpredictability of errors, and consequently the formation of rational expectations will not be achieved. Using a combination of three approaches: gradient boosting algorithm, random forest algorithm, and linear regression, a voting regression was also performed, showing a 3% improvement in determination coefficient compared to random forest (83%). Moreover, other results, such as the order and intensity of feature importance, and predicted inflation values, are similar to the random forest method with slight variations which means, estimating rational expectations is reliable
Measurement and examination of unobservable variables directly such as inflation expectations or potential output, is really challenging. Inflation expectations have been considered a key variable in many macroeconomic models, particularly in the realm of monetary economics. Macroeconomic models assume that economic agents make consumption, savings, and labor market decisions based on their perception of future inflation levels, and these decisions play a great role in realizing economic variables, including inflation. The role of inflation expectations differs from other inflation-generating factors. While factors such as money supply, budget deficit, exchange rate, and to some extent, economic sanctions can be considered as policy tools. Inflation expectations normally result from the interaction of other factors and may potentially predict future inflation. For example, an increase in the budget deficit, if not addressed independently by the Central Bank, can lead to an increase in money supply, inflation, and intensification of inflation expectations. Thus, inflation expectations can be considered as a variable that evolves within society and changes due to other inflation-generating factors. However, once formed, these expectations themselves become significant factors in inflation and other economic variables. Unlike many countries, in Iran, despite the importance of inflation due to decades of double-digit inflation, no action has been taken to produce and provide survey data related to this variable. However, according to existing literature, comparing the results of alternative methods incorporating inflation expectations with survey data can provide valuable insights. In practice, incorporating inflation expectations can improve the performance of inflation prediction models.
Methodology
Empirical research indicates that methods that consider inflation expectations along with its fluctuations and dynamics outperform models that do not consider these dynamics. Therefore, paying proper attention to how inflation expectations form and fluctuate, as well as avoiding simple methods, is necessary in calculating inflation expectations. In this research, an attempt was made to calculate and present data related to this variable in the framework of rational expectations for the period of 1996 to 2021 using the random forest regression method, considering the strengths and weaknesses of each method of mapping inflation expectations. Subsequently, after learning the random forest-based model, by conducting an in-sample prediction, the data were extracted and the features related to rational expectations regarding these data were examined.
Findings
The coefficient of determination value for the test data was found to be 80%, indicating that, on average, 80% of inflation variations are correctly predicted by economic factors using the model inputs or features. Based on this and by examining the features related to estimation residuals, it was determined that economic factors in predicting inflation do not exhibit systematic errors and, with a sufficiently large time interval and having an adequate information set, can have a proper understanding of inflation behavior. Moreover, the results of comparing inflation expectations based on random forest regression-based predictions show superiority of this approach compared to competing methods such as the Hodrick-Prescott filter. After that, the importance of each of the factors in the basket of information related to inflation expectations was ranked. It should be noted that the selection of features for predicting inflation expectations was not based on the direct attention of households and economic factors to these features. Rather, economic factors and households may find the effect of these features in other evidence. For example, the effect of an increase in the exchange rate on the prices of goods that are somehow related to this variable may be apparent to households, and fundamentally, the prevalent interpretation of rational expectations in the literature of this field is based on this approach. The results of this ranking indicate that among the entire information set, factors such as inflation breaks, exchange rates, and economic sanctions had the highest importance in shaping inflation expectations.
Discussion and Conclusion
It is worth mentioning that inflation breaks have been identified as the most important factor among the entire information set as a manifestation of the adaptive section of inflation expectations. However, this does not mean that expectations are entirely adaptive. Based on the research findings, it is clear that if economic factors rely solely on the adaptive section to predict inflation, zero estimation error, unpredictability of errors, and consequently the formation of rational expectations will not be achieved. Using a combination of three approaches: gradient boosting algorithm, random forest algorithm, and linear regression, a voting regression was also performed, showing a 3% improvement in determination coefficient compared to random forest (83%). Moreover, other results, such as the order and intensity of feature importance, and predicted inflation values, are similar to the random forest method with slight variations which means, estimating rational expectations is reliable
Volume 2, Issue 2 (Special for Virtual Conference of Health Education & Promotion - 2014)
Abstract
Aim: Nowadays, the Internet is considered as an appropriate means of transferring knowledge in education and research processes. However, overusing the Internet may cause addiction. This problem may increase as the Internet usage increases. This paper attempted to study the Internet addiction among the students of Yazd universities. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted among 238 students of Yazd University Medical Sciences and 245 students of Yazd Payam-e-Noor University. The data were collected using the Internet Addiction Questionnaire introduced by Young. To analyze data, several statistical operations were conducted, including mean, percentage, Chi-square, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Chi-two, and linear regression. Findings: Among the addicted students, 51% were from Payam-e-Noor University and 49% were from the University of Medical Sciences. Descriptive statistics also revealed that 51% of the addicted students were female and 67% of them were unmarried. Getting news and using e-mail services were mostly reported the Internet usages. Conclusion: Comparing with the previous studies, the Internet addiction has increased among the students of Yazd universities. This problem needs more concise investigation, and educational and counseling planning to reduce the Internet abuse.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Spring 98 2019)
Abstract
Abstract
Research Subject: Sulfide removal from sour water is essential, before reuse or release of sour water into the environment. Regarding the high costs of traditional methods, biological removal can be used as a reliable alternative.
Research Approach: Biological sulfide removal from sour water was investigated in a batch reactor using Thiobacillus sp. as a dominant species of a mixed culture. A conceptual model was developed to describe the process of H2S removal from sour water in the batch reactor. The model considers H2S and O2 transfer between liquid and gas phases, biological oxidation of H2S to sulfate and elemental sulfur, and chemical oxidation of H2S to thiosulfate in the liquid phase. The governing equations were derived using the principles of mass conservation and biochemical reactions. Several batch runs were performed to obtain experimental data on the variation of sulfide, sulfate, thiosulfate, and oxygen concentrations in the system as a function of time, and an algorithm was devised to use the method of Particle Swarm Optimization together with the numerical solution of the model equations to estimate biokinetic parameters. Additional batch runs under different conditions were performed to verify the accuracy of the model. These results indicated reasonable accuracy of the model to predict the performance of a batch reactor for the removal of H2S from sour water. The novelty of this model is considering different pathways for sulfide oxidation which includes product selectivity.
Main Results: The maxim specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR=OUR/X) is one of the most important parameters in the evaluation of the biological activity of the microorganisms. The calculated value for this parameter was almost constant (16 mg DO g-1 VSS min-1) during all sulfide oxidation tests indicating that the maximum specific oxidation capacity of the biomass is independent of substrate and biomass concentration. Results exhibited bacteria prefer to partially oxidized sulfide to elemental sulfur, however this preference is a function of dissolved oxygen and substrate availability.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2016)
Abstract
Theeffect of salt stress on the pysiological and biochemical responses of the seedlings of eight Eucalyptus species viz. E. kingsmillii, E. tetragona, E. salubris, E. occidentali, E. microtheca, E. camaldulensis, E. globules and E. sargentii was analyzed. Four month-old seedlings grown in greenhouse were watered by five levels of salt solution (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM of NaCl) in five replications with a factorial experimental design. The results indicated that salinity delayed and inhibited the seedlings’ growth after one month, and induced gradual decline in most of the criteria such as leaf area, relative water content and specific leaf area. Moreover, a significant reduction of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content was observed. Salinity stress raised the content of soluble sugars, proline and glycine betaine. Eucalyptus sargentii as the most tolerant species had the optimum growth up to 200 mM NaCl but E. globulus presented the most sensitive speciesto salinity stress. At 200 mM NaCl, proline and glycine beatine raised to 10.57 and 27 µg g-1 in the tolerant species (E. sargentii), respectively while proline in the sensitive species (E. globulus) dropped to 0.003 µg g-1. These results suggest that high tolerance of E. sargentii to salinity stress is closely related to lower specific leaf area and enhancement of compatible solutions such as proline, soluble sugar, glycine beatine. This would encourage the possibility of propagating E. sargentii in the southern coastal area of Iran. Furthermore, these results provided further biochemical support for the specific abiotic stress tolerance mechanism of Eucalyptus species.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (No.3 (Tome 19), (Articles in Persian) 2014)
Abstract
Human beings have interactional nature, and with the passage of time, always try to present their ideas, expectations, and worldviews to the humanity. In the past, since the mass media was not easily accessible to everyone, graffiti was considered a powerful tool for transmitting thoughts and inclinations. In other words, as graffiti is affected by a specific line of thinking, it is possible to follow linguistic and cultural patterns. The current paper tries to investigate the existing common linguistic patterns in English and Persian graffiti in order to understand their social and behavioral patterns better. The research findings show that graffiti follow a distinguished linguistic pattern and are systematic, in a way that they can be compared with seven linguistic functions of Halliday. By systematic, it means that the graffiti can be analyzed through linguistic and cultural frameworks. However, the results showed that there are some differences in English and Persian graffiti. In Persian graffiti, instrumental, imaginative, and interactional designs are frequent. The research analysis that has been conducted in the social domain verifies the existence of such features in the East. In English graffiti, too, personal and regulatory functions more frequent than the Persian ones and these differences are also related to cultural indices of the two languages.
Volume 5, Issue 10 (Fall & Winter 2019)
Abstract
The theory of the translation quality assessment of Mrs. Carmen Valero Garces (1994) is one of the most important theories in the field of linguistics that is organized in order to recognize the quality of the translations and analyze the quality of literary translated texts. This theory can be an effective framework for criticizing the quality of Holy Qur'an translations due to the factors that determine the amount of functionality and quality of translation texts and their correspondence with the source text. Garces offers four levels for evaluation of translation that are: semantic - lexical level, syntactic - morphological level, Discursive - Functional Level and Stylistic - pragmatically level. By specifying paradigm for each one, he tries to provide information on the bottlenecks and possibilities of translators in order to evaluate translation with a better and more accurate quality. The current study, relying on the undeniable importance of this combined model in the qualitative assessment of translations, intends to evaluate the quality of selected translations of Surah Al Baqarah by Ayatollah Mohammad Yazdi of the Holy Quran. For this purpose, first and briefly, we introduce the theory of Garces, and then mentioned the applicable cases of this theory that are cited on the Examples extracted from the translation of this Surah. The most important findings of this research that have been written based on Descriptive - analytical and statistical methods, expresses that firstly: the Yandi's translation from the perspective of components of Garces's theory can be criticized and evaluated qualitatively. Secondly, this translation is also an interpretive and explanatory, and there is many data for the subcategory of creative definition and expansion, as well as is included countless data that can be adapted to the Garcos theory and its various subcategories, such as: Similarity, syntactic reduction and expansion, Syntactic complexity, and transmission of ambiguity.
Volume 6, Issue 11 (Spring & Summer 2019)
Abstract
The holy Quran is an ocean of meaning, therefore translating it from Arabic language to Persian language and other languages requires the understanding of language delicacies. Today, semantics provide the readers with methods which help them understand the text better and understand its hidden meanings. In words level, the issue of conceptual relationships between the words has been raised in semantics which provide the readers with methods which help them figure out the relationships between the words of a text and detect its implications. One of these relations is semantic opposition between the words. In this article, we have tried to understand the implications of opposite words of Quran in ten last parts of it based on semantic opposition principle using descriptive-analytical method. And we have tried to explain the pathology of these equivalents by critically reviewing Moezzi and Payandeh equivalencies. The significance and importance of this research is that it introduces some of delicacies of literary texts to the translators and shows them some of the probable challenges. Results of this research indicate that ignoring the opposition and emphasizing on basic meaning of words, not paying attention to the multiple implications of opposite words in the context, neglecting morphology of opposite words, not paying attention to the context and collocations of opposite words, and translating the opposite words with incomplete words are the most important pathologies of the two abovementioned translations which have resulted in deficiency in transferring the meaning or in redundancy in these equivalencies in some areas.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (0-2008)
Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the static tuning characteristics of three section tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser. The analysis is based on the transfer matrix method (TMM), transmission line and scattering theory. The key feature of the analysis is the use of modified oscillation condition. With the exact oscillation condition, the static tuning characteristics such as threshold current, output power, oscillating wavelength are obtained and the effects of a discontinuity at the active-passive interface and also the manufacturing imperfections on the device characteristics are investigated
Saeedeh Rahsepar, Shahla Roudbar Mohammadi, Hamid Delavari , Maryam Roudbari, Zuhair Mohammad Hassan,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (Spring 2022)
Volume 8, Issue 2 (Spring 2022)
Abstract
Backgrounds: Candida albicans (C. albicans) as a fungal pathogen is part of the normal flora of the human body, which could cause various infections in patients with defective immune systems. Nowadays, there is a need to design and synthesis new drug formulations to overcome drug resistance in this genus. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main ingredient in Nigella sativa, which has considerable antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of thymoquinone-zein nanoparticles (TQ-ZNPs) on C. albicans.
Materials & Methods: In the current study, TQ was encapsulated in zein (as a biodegradable carrier) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The antifungal activity of TQ-ZNPs against C. albicans (ATCC 10231; standard strain) and their inhibitory effects on biofilm formation were examined using standardized broth microdilution and MTT assays, respectively. The total oxidant status (TOS) of C. albicans was assessed using colorimetric method, and the toxic effect of nanoparticles on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by MTT assay.
Findings: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TQ-ZNPs was significantly reduced compared to that of free TQ. MIC values of TQ-ZNPs and free TQ were determined to be 7.4 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. Biofilm formation was inhibited, and oxidant production by fungal cells was increased. The findings of this study showed that TQ-ZNPs had no toxic effect on PBMCs.
Conclusion: This study results revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a good antifungal activity without any toxicity. The results demonstrated the superior efficiency of TQ-ZNPs over free TQ. Hence, this structure could be used to load hydrophobic drugs. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the beneficial properties of TQ-ZNPs.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (summer 2021)
Abstract
Intertextuality theory is one of the new approaches to reading and criticizing texts. This theory first draws from Ferdinand Saussurechr('39')s semiotics and examines the relationships between the texts. Because in every text there are references to earlier works; In other words, new texts are the product of pre-existing texts. Gérard Genette has consummated the theory of intertextuality. Genette divides intertextuality into three categories, which can be examined in the form of: Explicit and announced presence, hidden, not explicit or implicit presence of one text in another. In this article, the “Mousibat nameh”chr('39')s anecdotes are first classified according to this theory, Then the earlier text of the anecdotes is found in the works of the sixth century, After that, the intertextual reading of anecdotes is presented based on the theory of genetics intertextuality in these three areas, along with examples, practical analysis of similarities and differences in terms of volume, characters, goals of the two authors between the anecdotes. According to this study, ten intertextual “Mousibat nameh”chr('39')s relate to sixth-century works. In these two modules, there are five cases of explicit intertextuality, of which two are “Aqd” and two is “Eqtebās” and one is “Translation”. There were also five cases of intentional-hidden intertextuality
Volume 10, Issue 1 (Issue 1 (Tome 44)- 2006)
Abstract
Although nowdays, there is no tendency to national planning like before, that does not mean that planning should be left aside, rather today’s world is calling for modern and effective approaches for national planning. The main objective of national planning, with any approach, is to fulfill peoples needs and demands. Total Quality Management (T.Q.M) by taking into account the customer’s requirements and satisfaction can amply demonstrate a new perspective on national planning. This model is customer satisfaction oriented and if the requirements are fulfilled, the satisfaction could be obtained. Comprehensiveness, equity, flexibility, integrity, internal and external consistency, rationality and effectiveness are some of the characteristics that define the Model’s goal and could be gathered from planning experts. Optimization of planning process, empowerment of plan’s employees and focusing on customer requirements are three basic principles to reach the goal. The final goal of this paper (customer satisfaction) could be materialized when all the principles accounted for sofar come to a stage of continuous empoverment.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (6-2003)
Abstract
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Volume 11, Issue 0 (پاییز و زمستان 87- 2009)
Abstract
Objective: Herpes simplex virus (HSVs) is a widespread human infectious agent, responsible for persistent and latent infections. Herpes simplex virus infections are usually continually recurrent in the normal population and represent a significant cause of complications in immunocompromised patients. Materials and Methods: In this study HSVs were propagated in BK cells and more than 502 samples were taken and analyzed for HSV IgG antibodies using Virus Neutralization Test (VNT) as golden standard test for evaluating in house Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Based on the results 80.48 % and 81.67% were positive (1.8) in VNT and ELISA respectively. There was a significant correlation between the VNT and ELISA tests in the tested samples (Pearson’s r = 0.96). Conclusions: Our data showed that the in house ELISA can be used for screening and determination of the prevalence of HSV IgG antibodies, which can facilitates patient management using suitable and cost effective laboratory diagnostic tests.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (Spring & Summer 2007)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to present “differential urbanization” theory and to test this theory for the case of Iran during 50 years between 1950- 2000 for 10 statistical periods. First the differential urbanization theory has been presented and then has been pointed the case studies employed this theory. Finally, we applied this theory for analyzing urban system of Iran. The survey of this theory for Iran shows that its urban system has passed “urbanization” phase since 1950 and has passed three stage of it to 1975 respectively and since 1975 to 1995 has passed two stage of the “polarization reversal” phase and enters to “counter urbanization” phase. The results of this study shows that totally differential urbanization theory conforms to Iran’s urban system trend, but shows some differences with urban system of Iran.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a cosmopolitan polyphagous pest. Researchers need a simple mass rearing procedure to study the life history, behavior, and feeding habits of insects. In the present study, effects of container type (Petri dishes or transparent cubic-containers), the form of positioning the containers (overturned or upright), and diet type (artificial diet or natural diet, i.e., chickpea plants) on the development and survival of neonate of H. armigera were assessed. Additionally, effects of container type and ventilation (air circulation in rearing containers) on development and survival of second to sixth instars, percentage of pupation, and adult emergence were assessed. Container type had no significant effect on the development and survival of the neonates and subsequent instars. More neonates survived to the second instar when reared in the containers held overturned, compared to those held upright. The neonates reared on chickpea plants had a shorter larval development and a higher survival rate than those reared on an artificial diet. The percentage of pupation and adult emergence of second instars reared individually in ventilated containers was higher than that of those reared in unventilated containers. As a food source for neonates, chickpea plants could improve the mass rearing of H. armigera.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
The current study assessed the effects of common herbicides produced by different companies on broadleaved and grass weed control and quantitative traits of irrigated wheat. A two-year experiment (2013-2014 and 2014-2015) was designed as an RCBD with three replications. Experimental treatments included two control treatments (weedy and weed-free) and 15 herbicides produced by three Iranian companies (Ghazal, Golsam-Gorgan, and Gyah) and three international companies (BASF, Nufarm, and Syngenta). The results showed that H13 (bromoxynil + MCPA from BASF tank-mixed with clodinafop propargyl from Golsam Gorgan) and H14 (bromoxynil + MCPA from BASF tank mixed with clodinafop propargyl from Ghazal) treatments in 2014 and H5 (tribenuron methyl from Gyah) and H9 (clodinafop propargyl tank-mixed with tribenuron methyl from Golsam Gorgan) in 2015 almost completely controlled broadleaved and grass weeds. In 2014, H4 (2,4-D + MCPA from Nufarm) and H13 treatments with the averages of 7505 and 7338 kg ha-1 ranked first and second in grain yield, while H9 and H12 (bromoxynil + MCPA from BASF tank-mixed with clodinafop propargyl from Gyah) with the averages of 7966 and 7917 kg ha-1 were known as superior treatments in 2015. Averaged by years, the grain yield was 3185 kg ha-1 at weedy treatment (H17). Although there were no significant differences between herbicides, the grain yield (averaged by years and herbicides) was boosted by 88% compared with the weedy treatment. It was concluded that more rainfall and desirable air temperature positively affected the efficacy of the herbicides.
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2011)
Abstract
In this paper, numerical 3D simulation of viscoelastic developing flow in a rectangular duct with the nonlinear constitutive equation was considered. So far, researchers have focused on the fully developed zone. In these cases, the effects of entrance region of flow and changes in important quantities of developing flow were neglected. Therefore three-dimensional modeling of the entrance region is an innovation of this work. For modeling the stress term,PTT constitutive equation which is one of the most perfect models was used. It should be noted that, the Oldroyd conditions was ingratiated and secondary flow has been simulated. Considering three-dimensionality of the solution domain as well as the dependency and nonlinearity of equations, artificial compressibility explicit method and staggered grid for solving the equations is purposed. The result is in good agreement with the others reported in the fully developed region.
Volume 12, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Aims: The industrial heritage buildings and sites can be a stage for people to meet, which create memorable experiences. Adaptive reuse of such buildings by applying the experience economy can provide more suggestions so that they can be exploited appropriately by designing different experiences.
Methods: In the present research, related documents and theories are studied by the lense of logical argumentation strategy. "personal context", "social context" and "physical context" based on the theoretical framework of the research have been emphasized.
Finding: The design of experience in Rey Cement factory has been done based on these three components using four realms of Pin and Gilmore. Therefore, proposed uses have been defined according to the principles considered in this research, considering the authenticity of the industrial site and the production of new collective experiences, the result of which is the coexistence of different uses in this site.
Conclusion: The industrial heritage of is the basis for the growth and development. Nowadays, conservation and adaptive reuse of such buildings can be in line with their previous goals in economic development. experience design is one of the newest ways in economics. The results of the research show that experience based design can be a useful tool for heritage conservation. And this research tries to deal with heritage tourism from an experience-based perspective based on the criteria obtained from the conceptual framework of the research. And to better explain the approach, suggestions have been made for the experience-based design of Ray Cement Factory.